PVC and medical waste are both areas often considered to be non-starters for plastics recyclers. But global vinyl producer Orbia is expanding its program that incorporates both, as well as helping improve the standard of living for some of the most vulnerable people in the recycling system.
The company’s polymer solutions business, Vestolit, is scaling up its Vinyl in Motion program, which collects post-consumer and post-industrial PVC scrap and mechanically recycles it into products including shoes and sanitary pipes. In contrast with PET, PE and PP, which are commonly used in packaging, polyvinyl chloride is most commonly used in construction and other durable-goods applications.
In addition, the chlorine that lends itself to the polymer’s name is a contaminant to other recycling streams, and the plasticizers used to make PVC flexible for use in tubing, flooring and more may contain phthalates and other contaminants of concern.
In 2024 Vinyl In Motion collected used PVC from 80 medical centers and 650 home dialysis patients in Colombia and two medical centers and 70 patients in Mexico. Orbia expects to double its recycled PVC production capacity this year, with a goal to expand into Mexico and Brazil, and is on track to expand collection and reuse to 90% of Colombia’s 2,500 healthcare facilities in the next five years, according to a company blog post.
Training the workforce
In contrast to the formal — if imperfect — collection system in the U.S., Latin American and Asian countries often have an informal recycling infrastructure, where workers called pickers sort through trash to find recyclable materials. Waste pickers are responsible for collecting an estimated 60% of the world’s plastics for recycling, according to a 2022 post from the World Economic Forum, and work in unsafe conditions with few or no worker protections.
These workers live under the poverty line, Bogota-based Javier Perez, sustainability director at Vestolit, told Plastics Recycling Update. He added that the pickers are called recyclers in Spanish. “Most of them, they barely can make $2 a day picking waste.” In comparison, a living wage in Colombia is $804 per month as of August 2024, according to a report from the nonprofit Anker Research Institute.
Mexican recycler PetStar runs a similarly focused program for PET, called MAIP, which in English translates as the Inclusive Collection Model.
In 2020, Orbia started working with Colombian pickers to create a program to not only improve PVC recycling rates but also to help improve their quality of life, Perez said. The company started by asking five families to focus solely on recycling PVC, he said, adding that Orbia refers to participants as families because often only one family member is available to work, and so the work benefits the entire household.
“At the beginning, it was not that easy, because there is a misconception about PVC and recycling,” he said, noting that despite its chlorine content, PVC can be recycled several times without losing its physical integrity. The company started by training the workers on how to produce a high-quality volume of scrap material and provided the necessary equipment. In addition, Orbia provided working-capital grants as the workers transitioned into more formalized roles.
“At the beginning, you need some money in order to survive, in order to pay the rent, in order to pay everyone,” he said.
Educating producers
Orbia also consulted its customers and those companies’ end users to educate them on how recycled resin could contribute to their sustainability goals, Perez said. As a prominent global PVC producer with plants in Colombia, Mexico, Germany and the U.S., Orbia already had a robust customer base to sell on the benefits of recycled PVC.
These customers also produced post-consumer PVC scrap, so the company taught them how to sort the material at the disposal source. As an added incentive to encourage health care workers to recycle IV bags, Orbia offers a rewards program in which points can be redeemed for a pair of Vida sneakers made almost entirely from recycled PVC, Perez said.
Of its four business segments, Orbia started with the construction and infrastructure customers for rigid PVC: sanitary pipes, electrical pipes and window frames.
Next were hospitals and medical settings, which discard vast quantities of IV bags and tubing. About 25% of medical devices containing plastic are made with PVC, due to its durability and resistance to chemicals, according to industry association the Vinyl Institute. These items can be recycled if they haven’t come into contact with hazardous materials, Perez said.
The automotive sector was next, with a focus on the artificial leather used in seating. Finally, Orbia addressed blister packaging for medications.
Among the first customers was Baxter International, a global maker of IV fluids. “They have a big share of IV bags in the health sector,” Perez said.
Beyond the environmental benefits, another selling point for customers is that they avoid the cost of incinerating or landfilling the medical waste.
With sister company Alphagary, Vestolit developed the Infinitude line of compounded resin that incorporated PCR. The two Orbia companies emphasized the quality of the compounds, aiming to change the perception that post-consumer material is cheap and poor-quality.
Alphagary also has created a non-phthalate plasticizer using post-consumer PET beverage bottles. The primary chemical intermediate for PET is dimethyl terephthalate or, more commonly in North America, purified terephthalic acid, both of which can be used to make DOTP. In addition to vinyl plasticizer applications such as flooring, gloves and cable sleeving, DOTP can be used in paints and coatings.
In its 2023 sustainability report, Orbia said that over a period of two years it had made more than 50 metric tons of DOTP using 27.6 metric tons of recycled PET at its Altamira site in Mexico. PVC compounds using the plasticizer were certified by medical-device testing company NAMSA for medical applications.
Tennessee-based Eastman also has a line of plasticizers employing DMT produced using its methanolysis plant for processing PET scrap.
Orbia also trained the recyclers on the economics and legal framework of managing a business, as well as best practices for safety, health and environment, Perez said.
As the nation’s capital, Bogota has a population of more than 8 million, and Colombia is the third most populous Latin American country behind only Brazil and Mexico, according to World Bank data.
“We started with five families around the whole country, and those families right now have turned into proper entrepreneurs,” Perez said.
