However, it remains unclear exactly what impact the move will make. One Asia-based industry professional said the proposed tax is too low to affect the decision-making of those moving material into the country. At the same time, diverse organizations in the country are pushing for further restrictions on imports of recovered plastic material.
The Malaysian Ministry of Housing and Local Government announced the tax plan late last month. The government agency said it will add a levy of 15 ringgits (about $3.62) per metric ton.
After China’s ban on imports of many recyclables, Malaysia has become the largest destination for U.S.’s scrap plastic exports in Asia, data analyzed by Resource Recycling shows.
The Malaysian government stopped issuing scrap plastic import permits in July, explaining that it was a three-month measure while officials developed regulatory controls. After that suspension, U.S. scrap plastic exports to Malaysia dropped from 52.5 million pounds in July to 9.6 million pounds in August, according to the latest trade figures.
The tax will begin on Oct. 23, the day the government begins processing import permits again. Plastic recyclables imports until this point have not been subject to levies, according to the government.
In addition to the tax, imports will face additional scrutiny. Importers will need to obtain new government approvals from different agencies, and processors operating in Malaysia will have new zoning requirements.
Expert reaction
Steve Wong, chairman of Hong Kong plastics recycling company Fukutomi, said the tax is very low and he theorized it is unlikely to reduce the volume of imports. He speculated it could be a separate initiative from the move to restrict imports.
“The tax does not stop contamination,” Wong said, noting that, “in fact, it can send the wrong message.” For example, if companies are now paying duties on material they’re bringing in, they might feel like they can get away with less quality.
As for the heightened restrictions on processors inside Malaysia, Wong described optimism among recycling companies. He described his conversations with facility operators who met with the country’s Minister of Housing and Local Government, Zuraida Kamaruddin.
“They said the meeting was positive for the recyclers,” Wong explained. Authorized companies observing the rules and preventing pollution will be able to carry on without problems, Wong relayed from his conversations.
Wong will speak during the Plasticity conference in Malaysia this month, presenting a session titled “Global Perspective on Waste Stream Economics and Impacts of the Chinese National Sword.”
Not far enough
After the government announced its taxation plan, several Malaysian organizations representing diverse interests stated that the tax doesn’t go far enough.
The Malaysian Plastic Manufacturers Association (MPMA) last weekend called on the government to impose a quota on scrap plastic imports.
“We don’t want to import the whole world’s waste,” the MPMA’s recycling committee leader, C.C. Cheah, told The Star Online newspaper. “We just want to import a sufficient amount that the local Malaysian industry needs.”
Cheah noted that the manufacturers association agreed with the government’s decision to halt import permits for three months. That was a necessary measure to shut down illegal operators and “protect the sustainability of the industry,” he told The Star Online.
MPMA previously stated that it supports increased regulation because illegal operators are giving the entire plastics processing industry a bad name.
The Consumers Association of Penang (CAP) responded to the taxation plan by calling for a complete ban on imports of scrap plastic. CAP advocates on a number of issues of public concern, including environmental protection.
The organization issued a Sept. 26 release expressing frustration with the Malaysian government, which CAP said “does not recognize the scale of the problem” of plastic scrap imports.
“Now that China has closed its borders to foreign waste, we are discovering that massive volumes of the same have started to arrive in the ports of Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia where illegal factories to recycle plastic waste have mushroomed,” wrote S.M. Mohamed Idris, president of CAP. “We understand from reports that many errant recycling firms, many of which are from China and operating without permits, are burning residual waste that cannot be recycled or illegally dumping them.”
The tax, according to CAP, is not an adequate solution, and it doesn’t address domestic recycling infrastructure development.
“The cost and burden to public health and the environment far outweigh the revenue gained by the Malaysian government from the levy imposed on plastic waste imports,” Idris wrote. “We already have plastic waste generated domestically which needs to be recycled safely.”
Photo credit: Derek Brumby/Shutterstock
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