Even worse financial pain may still be coming.
“This system is really in jeopardy right now in California,” Jenny Gitlitz, a consultant for the Container Recycling Institute (CRI), said during a recent webinar. “Since the beginning of the year, more than 10 percent of all redemption centers in California have closed.”
Designed to cover losses
In the Golden State, residents pay a nickel deposit for smaller beverage containers and a dime deposit for larger ones. That money makes its way to the state Beverage Container Recycling Fund, which pays back the deposit on redeemed containers.
California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) dips into the fund to subsidize the state’s 1,800 collection centers. It does this by paying them the estimated difference between the revenue they can get selling plastic and glass scrap and their higher processing costs (the state assumes aluminum’s higher value covers its collection and recycling costs). Essentially, it aims to cover any losses and make the redemption centers financially whole.
But, in estimating payments, CalRecycle uses an old formula relying on 12-month scrap value averages from the previous year, with a three-month lag time, so the numbers don’t reflect current-market plastic and glass prices. CalRecycle is bound by statute to use the formula, so any change must come from the legislature.
“We want to address it; however, at present, we are bound by current statute,” said Mark Oldfield, spokesman for CalRecycle.
The formula presents problems for redemption centers when values plummet over a sustained period of time, Gitlitz said.
“Any savings that the redemption centers might have banked from better times, they’ve expended those already,” she said.
At the same time, the centers are less able to cushion shortfalls by selling aluminum, because the value of the metal has dropped too. Aluminum dropped from a peak of $1,916 per ton in April 2011 to $1,135 per ton in November 2015, according to CRI.
“It’s like a cash cow that they’ve relied on is suddenly not producing milk anymore,” Gitlitz said.
Redemption centers are an important piece of the collection system in California. About 88 percent of the state’s deposit containers that are recycled are returned through redemption centers, feeding the recycling industry with about 1 million tons of glass, aluminum and plastic per year.
Quantifying shortfall in subsidies
The result has been closures, including the recent shuttering of 200 redemption centers by the company rePlanet. In total, at least 279 centers have closed in the state since the beginning of the year, according to CRI.
CRI, a Culver City, Calif.-based nonprofit organization, recently released reports quantifying the degree to which the subsidies have fallen short of what they would be if they were based on current market conditions. It estimated redemption centers have experienced a collective $43 million shortfall from July 2012 to December 2015. Of that $43 million, about $40 million was shortfalls in PET payments and $3 million was shortfalls in glass payments.
And the gap keeps growing. From July 2015 through December 2015, PET and glass payment shortfalls totalled $10.8 million, according to CRI.
“In six months, the recycling centers have lost as much as they did for the entire previous year,” Gitlitz said. “If this trend continues, 2016 is on track to have the worst shortfalls of the last three years.”
Effective April 1, CalRecycle’s subsidies for PET increased by about 19 percent to $166 per ton. But that still leaves centers with a $42 loss on every ton of PET they handle, according to CRI.
Susan Collins, CRI president, described current conditions as “an emergency situation.” She said CRI recommends the California State Legislature change the law to tie payments to real-time commodities prices.
She believes lawmakers will address the issue this year, although “the winning proposal” hasn’t come to the surface yet.
CalRecycle’s Oldfield said the prolonged commodities values slump has exposed challenges facing the current redemption system, and the department welcomes the opportunity to speak with those who can put together solutions.
“We spent a lot of years and a lot of effort working with the stakeholders to build up a strong recycling infrastructure in California,” he said, “and we want to preserve that to the greatest extent possible.”